Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer that has garnered significant attention across various industries due to its unique properties and versatile applications. It is produced by the polymerization of vinyl acetate, followed by a process known as hydrolysis or alcoholysis, where the ester groups are converted into hydroxyl groups. Polyvinyl alcohol is available in different forms, with one of the most common variants being partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which means that only a portion of the acetate groups have been replaced with hydroxyl groups.The degree of hydrolysis refers to the proportion of acetate groups that have been converted into hydroxyl groups. In the case of partially hydrolyzed PVA, typically, 80-98% of the acetate groups have been replaced. This degree of hydrolysis influences the physical and chemical properties of the polymer, including its solubility, viscosity, and film-forming abilities.

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